Infections of striated muscle with abscess formation are unusual becau
se muscle is relatively resistant to bacterial infections [1]. In the
United States, the first cases of the syndrome known as tropical pyomy
ositis were reported in 1971. Recently, Christin and Sarosi [2] review
ed approximately 100 North American cases and found that Staphylococcu
s aureus caused 70% of them and streptococcal species caused 16%. None
of the cases was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. We wish to repor
t a case of pyomyositis caused by S. pneumoniae in a woman with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.