This article develops an integrated theory of state policy influence a
nd responsiveness, then operationalizes this theory to account for var
iations in the strength and scope of state water pollution control and
hazardous waste management programs. The analysis finds that economic
, ideological, interest group, and political system characteristics ac
t in concert to affect state policymaking, and that the influences beh
ind policymaking vary systematically and predictably across policy are
as within environmental protection.