Jp. Syvertsen et al., NET CARBON-DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION, CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, GROWTH, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY OF CITRUS TREES IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN STATUS, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 122(2), 1997, pp. 226-232
Five- to six-year-old 'Redblush' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) tr
ees on 'Volkamer' lemon [VL = C. volkameriana (Ten. & Pasq.)] or sour
orange (SO = C. aurantium L.) rootstock, were grown individually in 7.
9-m(3) lysimeters for 2.5 years using low to high rates of fertilizer
N. Net CO2 assimilation (A(CO2)) of leaves and leaf dry mass per area
(DM/a) increased with leaf N concentration, whereas leaf tissue C isot
ope discrimination (Delta) decreased. Leaf tissue Delta was negatively
related to A(CO2) and DM/a. Transient effects of rootstock on leaf N
were reflected by similar effects on Delta. There was no effect of lea
f N on water-use efficiency (WUE) of leaves (WUE(L) = A(CO2)/transpira
tion); WUE(L) was not correlated with Delta. Although photosynthetic N
use efficiency (A(CO2)/N) consistently decreased with increased leaf
N,Delta was not consistently related to A(CO2)/N. Annual canopy growth
, tree evapotranspiration (ET), and fruit yield increased with whole t
ree N uptake. Leaf tissue Delta was negatively related to all of these
tree measurements at the end of the second year. By that time, whole-
tree WUE (WUE(T), annual canopy growth per ET) also was negatively rel
ated to Delta. Larger trees on VL had higher ET than trees on SO, but
there were no rootstock effects on WUE(T) or on Delta. Leaf tissue Del
ta was consistently higher than Delta values of trunk and woody root t
issues. Citrus leaf tissue Delta can be a useful indicator of leaf N,
characteristics of leaf gas exchange, tree growth, yield, and WUE(T) i
n response to N availability.