BISMUTH OXIDE-BASED SOLID ELECTROLYTES FOR FUEL-CELLS

During the last three decades, a large number of investigations has be en reported pertaining to the science and technology of solid oxide fu el cells (SOFCs) based mainly on the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. Because of the problems associated with the high temperat ure of operation (approximately 1000-degrees-C) of the YSZ-based cells , there has been a substantial effort to develop alternative electroly tes with ionic conductivity comparable to that of YSZ at relatively lo wer temperatures. This review presents a systematic evolution in the a rea of the development of new electrolytes based on bismuth sesquioxid e for fuel cell applications at moderate temperatures.