Ie. Aronov et al., SPECTROSCOPY OF THE POTENTIAL PROFILE IN A BALLISTIC QUANTUM CONSTRICTION, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 50(7), 1994, pp. 4590-4593
We present a theory for the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics
of a ballistic quantum constriction. Nonlinear features first develop
because of above-barrier reflection from the potential profile, create
d by impurities in the vicinity of the constriction. The nonlinearity
appears on a small voltage scale and makes it possible to determine di
stances between impurities as well as the magnitude of the impurity po
tentials.