GENETICS OF APICAL DOMINANCE IN PLANTAIN (MUSA-SPP AAB GROUP) AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUCKERING BEHAVIOR

Apical dominance, i.e., the inhibition of lateral bud growth due to gr owth substances released by the terminal bud, has been considered as a limiting factor for the perennial productivity of plantains (Musa spp ., AAB group). Segregation ratios in F1 and F2 plantain-banana hybrids suggest that inheritance of apical dominance is controlled by a major recessive gene, ad. The dominant Ad allele improved the suckering of plantain-banana hybrids, as measured by the height of the tallest suck er at flowering and harvest. At harvest, the ratoon crop of the diploi d and tetraploid hybrids had completed 70% to 100% of its vegetative d evelopment, whereas the ratoon of the plantain parents, due to high ap ical dominance, was only at 50% of total pseudostem growth. Sucker gro wth rates are generally the result of gibberellic acid (GA3) levels, a nd it is suggested that the Ad gene regulates GA3 production. However, the Ad gene has incomplete penetrance, genetic specificity, and varia ble expressivity. Increased frequency of the Ad gene and a commensurat e improvement in the suckering behavior of the diploid populations may be achieved by phenotypic recurrent selection.