G. Defranceschi et F. Palumbo, GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS IN COMPACT QED ON THE LATTICE, Physics letters. Section B, 335(2), 1994, pp. 215-219
We show that in the hamiltonian formalism of compact QED on the lattic
e gauge transformations appear as representations of translations on a
circle or on a line according to the boundary conditions on the wave
functions. When gauge invariance is enforced, one gets at strong coupl
ing a linear potential in the first case and a Coulombic potential in
the second.