Health and mental health considerations present many challenges to the
child welfare system and play a significant role in the care of child
ren in out-of-home care. This paper reviews the unique health care nee
ds of children in the out-of-home care system and the standards develo
ped over the past decade to deliver comprehensive health care services
to this population. Key policy and practice questions are raised for
each standard to facilitate effective implementation of the recommenda
tion. Future research efforts should concentrate on collecting and eva
luating data from existing programs to aid in refining and directing p
olicy and practice in the field of child welfare.