M. Peisach et al., THE MEASUREMENT OF ENHANCED PIXE YIELDS WITH HE-3(2+) IONS, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 85(1-4), 1994, pp. 100-103
The cause of the high enhancement factor in a PIXE study of metal fluo
rides was investigated with singly and doubly charged He-3 ions. A com
parison of the X-ray yields and enhancement factors showed that gamma
rays from the de-excitation of coulomb excited F-19 ions were not resp
onsible for this effect. Charge buildup and subsequent discharge produ
ced energetic electrons which generated the large yields of X-rays. Th
e energy distribution of these electrons ranged from a low concentrati
on at energies around 4 keV, peaked at an energy around 10 keV and ext
ended to beyond 30 keV. The importance for PIXE analysis was noted.