R. Keeman et Sb. Power, LIMITS TO PREDICTABILITY IN A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC NOISE, Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 46(4), 1994, pp. 529-540
A coupled-ocean atmosphere model with demonstrated skill in ENSO predi
ction is used to examine limits to predictability due to stochastic mo
mentum forcing from the atmosphere. Previous estimates of predictabili
ty limits in coupled models may be overly optimistic because of the ab
sence of realistic atmospheric noise in the intermediate atmospheric m
odel used. It is found that unavoidable error grows rapidly with a tim
e scale of 4 or so months. It then saturates at a level around 0.5-deg
rees-C for the Nino 3 region.