Vv. Somayajulu et al., VHF BACKSCATTER RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF TYPE-I WAVES DURING A COUNTER ELECTROJET EVENT, Geophysical research letters, 21(18), 1994, pp. 2047-2050
The paper presents simultaneous observations made at Trivandrum (Dip -
0.5-degrees-N) during a strong counter electrojet event using VHF bac
kscatter radar, Ionosonde and Magnetometer. The VHF backscatter radar
observations of 2.7 m scale size irregularities have shown that Type I
waves with phase velocities in the range of 180-220 ms-1 can be gener
ated in the presence of a destabilizing gradient. This gives direct ex
perimental evidence that the electron density gradient will affect the
type I threshold velocity, sometimes substantially.