Tritrichomonas foetus was studied using different physical and chemica
l fixation methods such as fast-freezing (by high pressure, ''slam-fre
ezing,'' and jet-propane), freeze-substitution, conventional freeze-fr
acture and deep-etching, cryoultramicrotomy, and routine preparation f
or transmission electron microscopy. The use of fast-freezing fixation
(FFF) proved to be superior in terms of structural preservation due t
o the rapidity of this fixation compared to that obtained using conven
tional chemical fixation. The low temperature techniques used here wer
e useful to confirm data already obtained by conventional freeze-fract
ure using chemical fixation and cryoprotection, such as the presence o
f flagellar rosettes and costa structure. Cryoultramicrotomy and slam-
freezing also demonstrated the presence of hair-like structures projec
ting out from the protozoan surface. New aspects of organelles of T. f
oetus were demonstrated. Published 1994 by Wiley-Liss, Inc.