The treatment of ischemic heart disease by coronary artery bypass graf
ting remains under intense scrutiny. A better understanding of the lon
g-term outcome for particular patient subgroups will allow a more appr
opriate choice to be made among the options of coronary artery bypass
grafting, angioplasty, or continued medical management. Such informati
on would also permit patients to make informed choices when their pref
erences influence the decision. A clearer understanding of the importa
nce of risk-factor management (in particular lipid reduction by drug t
reatment) will improve the long-term results for patients undergoing s
urgical treatment (probably in both late mortality and late clinical e
vents). Such an understanding can also clarify the need for further in
tervention.