This paper discusses the implications of asynchronous regional develop
ment for the study of pre-industrial environmental conditions. It sugg
ests that while recent exponential growth in global population has swa
mped the effects of regional technology differences, those differences
are relevant when studying the pre-industrial past. It develops a sim
ple population/environmental impact model to show that an assumption o
f uniform global development may understate long-lived irreversible an
thropogenic environmental impacts, relative to a more realistic assump
tion of asynchronicity.