In 13 paintings and drawings, dating from the preclassic period in anc
ient Greece to the present day, representations of children with noseb
leed could be detected in museums, churches, galleries and art-books.
Children and adolescents were bleeding from their noses because of mec
hanical injury, infectious diseases, or hemorrhagic diathesis. Some ar
tists depicted nosebleeding in a very realistic manner, others represe
nted this symptom in a more abstract or caricaturistic way. Nosebleed
stood as a symbol for human failure, as a sign of the loser, the suffe
ring and tortured child, and as a sign of death.