GIVING-UP TIME-VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENCES IN NECTAR VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION IN THE GIANT TROPICAL ANT, PARAPONERA-CLAVATA (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)

Giving-up times in resource patches by workers of the giant tropical a nt, Paraponera clavata, are associated with travel time and reward vol ume but not reward concentration. The discovery of an artificial necta r reward stimulates local search which is centered around the initial reward site. Longer giving-up times increase the likelihood that a wor ker will find a second reward, but the search appears to be more effec tive for renewed rewards at the same location than for nearby rewards. When workers are near the colony, larger rewards cause the workers to stop searching and to initiate recruitment behavior. At patches dista nt from the nest, the threshold in reward volume for recruitment is mu ch higher. These results are consistent with expectations for search s trategies when energy expenditure in search is minimal, resources are renewable, and recruitment can occur.