Seventeen hominoid fossils recovered from Pliocene strata at Aramis, M
iddle Awash, Ethiopia make up a series comprising dental, cranial and
postcranial specimens dated to around 4.4 million years ago. When comp
ared with Australopithecus afarensis and with modern and fossil apes t
he Aramis fossil hominids are recognized as a new species of Australop
ithecus-A. ramidus sp. nov. The antiquity and primitive morphology of
A. ramidus suggests that it represents a long-sought potential root sp
ecies for the Hominidae.