Xh. Lee et al., MODELING THE EFFECT OF MEAN PRESSURE-GRADIENT ON THE MEAN FLOW WITHINFORESTS, Agricultural and forest meteorology, 68(3-4), 1994, pp. 201-212
Air flow within forests was simulated using models based on first- and
second-order closure principles, with the addition of the mean barome
tric pressure gradient in the momentum equation. The simulations indic
ate that the mean pressure gradient can have a strong influence on the
mean wind speed profiles within forests. The inclusion of the pressur
e term can improve both models in terms of their capacities to match o
bservations. The simulations also demonstrate that significant wind di
rection shear can occur within a forest.