BONE-GRAFTING AND GUIDED BONE REGENERATION FOR IMMEDIATE DENTAL IMPLANTS IN HUMANS

THIS STUDY EVALUATED BONE REGENERATION and osseointegration of hydroxy apatite (HA) coated and titanium plasma sprayed (TPS) implants placed in sockets immediately after extraction in 36 adults, mean age 55.2 ye ars (range 26 to 81 years). Twelve TPS and 10 HA-coated implants in 20 patients were grafted with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), covered with a barrier material, and the facial flap coronall y positioned to attain primary closure (experimental). The remaining 1 1 TPS and 10 HA-coated implants were placed similarly, except that no DFDBA was used (control). Osseous structures were measured at the init ial placement and 6-month re-entry surgeries. At the 6-month re-entry, all implants placed were clinically osseointegrated. Bone resorption at the most coronal socket crest was -1.53 mm for the grafted group an d -1.59 mm for the control group. Crestal bone apposition of 1.39 mm w as noted at the most apical socket crest (ASC) for the grafted group, whereas crestal resorption of -0.11 mm was noted in the ungrafted cont rol group (P < 0.02). Bone fill from the base of the deepest osseous d efect was 5.68 mm for the grafted group and 3.18 mm for the control gr oup (P < 0.04). Complete resolution of osseous defects occurred at 15 of 22 sites in the grafted group and at 9 of 21 sites in the control g roup. Clinical exposure of the barrier material and a subsequent infla mmatory response at 27 of 43 sites, required removal of the material p rior to the 6-month re-entry and was associated with significantly mor e bone loss at the ASC sites (P < 0.01). There was no significant diff erence for any of the parameters when comparing the TPS with the HA-co ated implants.