CIRCADIAN VARIABILITY IN THE OCCURRENCE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Objectives. The present study examined whether sudden death in patient s with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurred with a particular pattern of frequency throughout the day. Background. Previous investigators ha ve shown a circadian distribution in the occurrence of sudden death an d other cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic coronar y artery disease. Sudden death is also an important feature of the nat ural history of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods. Th e study group comprised 94 patients with a time of death (or cardiac a rrest) that could be ascertained accurately to the nearest hour. This hourly distribution was analyzed by harmonic regression. Results. Sudd en death did not occur uniformly or randomly throughout the day. Rathe r, it was distributed in a bimodal pattern that conformed to a two har monic regression model. A disproportionate number of sudden deaths (43 [46%] of 94) occurred in the first peak in midmorning between 7 AM an d 1 PM. The second peak of sudden death was less distinct but was in t he early evening, between 8 PM and 10 PM. This periodicity in occurren ce of sudden cardiac death was not evident for the days of the week or months of the year and, furthermore, did not appear to be influenced by other clinical variables, such as age, gender, severity of symptoms , subaortic gradient or left ventricular wall thickness. Sudden death occurred most commonly during periods of severe exertion (37 [39%] of 94). Conclusions, Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstr ates a bimodal pattern of circadian variability over the 24-h day, wit h a prominent midmorning peak similar to that described in patients wi th coronary artery disease, and a less striking early evening peak of occurrence. These findings suggest that temporally related physiologic changes, possibly in the electrical vulnerability of the myocardial s ubstrate, may play a role in the sudden death of patients with hypertr ophic cardiomyopathy.