SUSTAINABLE USE OF GROUNDWATER FOR SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION - WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Concepts of sustainability are discussed in relation to small-scale gr oundwater irrigation (SSGWI). The nature and important features of SSG WI are described, and the main endogenous and exogenous threats to the sustainability of this important farming activity are set out. The im portance of groundwater monitoring and management, together with effec tive legislation and control, are highlighted. The potential conflict between promoters of rapid groundwater development for poverty allevia tion and the proponents of a more cautious approach is discussed. The 'invisibility' and limited area of SSGWI in semi-arid, sub-Saharan Afr ica are contrasted with their importance in what are otherwise drought -prone dry-land environments.