In this commentary, I review the articles by Crepel et al., Linden, an
d Vincent to compare and contrast the similarities and differences bet
ween hippocampal LTP and cerebellar LTD. In particular, the role of gl
utamate receptors in the induction of plasticity, the participation of
different second messenger pathways, and the mechanisms involved in e
xpression/maintenance of these forms of synaptic plasticity are discus
sed.