THE ENGLISH AND SWEDISH HEALTH-CARE REFORMS

England and Sweden have two of the most advanced systems of universal access to health care in the world. Both have begun major reforms base d on similar principles. Universal access and finance from taxation ar e retained, but a measure of competition between providers of health c are is introduced. The reforms therefore show a movement toward the ki nd of approach advocated by some in the United States. This article tr aces the origins and early results of the two countries' reform effort s.