Wurmser summarizes in this paper the basic experiences he has gathered
during many years of working psychoanalytically with severe, yet non-
psychotic forms of psychopathology. In contrast to their conceptualiza
tion as 'borderline' pathology as well as to self-psychology, he under
stands these disturbances as severe neuroses, focusses on their confli
ct analysis, stressing particularly the analysis of shame-guilt confli
cts and the conjunction of masochism with narcissism. He sketches a ge
netic layering of masochism useful for the understanding of the analyt
ic process.