This paper reviews the issues that must be addressed to define and int
egrate technologies, countermeasures, and medical care systems into sp
ace systems which will be developed for long duration space flight. Th
is paper considers combined and cumulative effects, the broad range of
space environmental health issues, including some examples, and a dis
cussion of a management approach to these risks. While the primary emp
hasis is on space environmental health issues, other aspects of the sp
ace environment are also considered. Allocation of finite resources fo
r optimal risk management is also considered.