FACE AND VOICE IDENTIFICATIONS IN SHOWUPS AND LINEUPS

Witnesses were asked to identify a young adult female target to whom t hey had spoken for 15 seconds five minutes earlier in a naturalistic f ield setting. Subjects were given a single facial photograph or a sing le tape-recorded voice of either the target or a highly similar foil, or a target-present or target-absent six-person photo lineup or six-pe rson voice lineup. Identification of the target was superior in the si x-person photo lineup than in the one-person photo lineup when choices were corrected for guessing. False identifications of the 'innocent' suspect did not differ in one-person and six-person photo lineups. How ever, the diagnosticity index indicated that witnesses were twice as l ikely to be more accurate than inaccurate in making a selection with t he six-person photo lineup than in the one-person lineup. Performance was poor in both one-person and six-person voice lineups. With the exc eption of the target-absent one-person photo lineup, no significant co rrelations were found between confidence and performance.