NODAL METASTASIS AND SITES OF RECURRENCE AFTER EN-BLOC ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR ADENOCARCINOMA

The operative specimens from 43 patients undergoing en bloc esophagect omy for adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus or cardia were analyzed. Depth of invasion of the tumor and extent and location of lymph node metastases were determined. Postoperative recurrence was identified fr om positive findings on successive 3-month computed tomographic scans. Positive nodes occurred in 33% (2/6) of intramucosal tumors, 67% (6/9 ) of intramural tumors, and 89% (25/28) of transmural tumors (p < 0.01 ). Commonly involved nodes were those in the lesser curve of the stoma ch (42%), parahiatal nodes (35%), paraesophageal nodes (28%), and celi ac nodes (21%). Excluding perioperative deaths, follow-up was complete for 38 patients. Twenty patients had recurrence. Fifteen patients (40 %, 15/38) had nodal recurrence: cervical, 7.9% (3/38); superior medias tinal, 21% (8/38); and abdominal, 24% (9/38) (retropancreatic in 7 and retrocrural in 2). Of 5 patients with nodal recurrence alone, 3 (60%) had recurrence at sites outside the margins of resection. Patients wi th four metastatic nodes or less had a survival advantage over those w ith more than four (p < 0.05). There was no difference in survival acc ording to location of nodal metastases. Two (22.2%) of 9 patients with celiac node metastases survived longer than 4 years. Adenocarcinoma o f the lower esophagus and cardia spreads widely to mediastinal and abd ominal nodes, and death can occur from nodal disease. Rates of lymph n ode metastases increase with the depth of the primary tumor. Patients with lymphatic metastases can be cured particularly if there are fewer than four nodes involved. Curative surgical therapy necessitates wide lymph node resection to ensure removal of all metastatic nodes.