THE KNOWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREDATOR PROPYLEA-QUATTUORDECIMPUNCTATA(COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE UNITED-STATES, AND THOUGHTS ON THEORIGIN OF THIS SPECIES AND 5 OTHER EXOTIC LADY BEETLES IN EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA
Wh. Day et al., THE KNOWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREDATOR PROPYLEA-QUATTUORDECIMPUNCTATA(COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE UNITED-STATES, AND THOUGHTS ON THEORIGIN OF THIS SPECIES AND 5 OTHER EXOTIC LADY BEETLES IN EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA, Entomological news, 105(4), 1994, pp. 244-256
We provide 86 new collection records for the exotic P. quatuordecimpun
ctata, increasing its known range from 13 to 99 counties, and from thr
ee to nine states. The recovery data indicate that the actual distribu
tion of this coccinellid is likely even larger, because systematic and
broad surveys have been done in only a few areas. Evidence provided f
or P. 14-punctata and five other aphidophagous coccinellids [Coccinell
a undecimpunctata, C septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, H. quadripunct
ata, and Hippodamia variegata] indicates that all six species were fir
st established accidentally in eastern North America, and that they mo
st likely were introduced through seaports. Inland ports appear to fac
ilitate establishment, compared to urban, coastal ports.