D. Loretto et al., DIRECT OBSERVATION OF INTERFACE AND SURFACE STEPS IN EPITAXIAL-FILMS BY DARK-FIELD TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, Applied physics letters, 65(14), 1994, pp. 1766-1768
We have used dark-field transmission electron microscopy to investigat
e <5 nm thick CaF2 films grown on Si(111) by molecular-beam epitaxy. I
mages formed with CaF2 [111BAR] reflections exhibit contrast at 1/3[11
1] height steps at the CaF2 surface and at the CaF2/Si interface over
large (> 100 mum2), statistically significant areas. Direct evidence f
or step-flow growth in CaF2 has been obtained. (C) 1994 American Insti
tute of Physics.