Growth rates of human preimplantation embryos fertilized in vitro were
assessed and compared to the sex of the pregnancy outcome. The likeli
hood of a liveborn male was significantly greater than that of a femal
e if the mean number of cells/embryo was four or greater at the schedu
led time of transfer (odds ratio of 6:1). This finding suggested that
the Y chromosome expresses factors which influence embryonic growth ra
tes immediately after fertilization.