The analysis of literature and data obtained by the authors validate t
he necessity to recognize early atherosclerosis as a specific form of
low limb vascular lesions. The latter are characterized by the presenc
e of autoimmune inflammation in the vascular wall. The authors believe
peripheral nonspecific aortic arteritis to be an early form of oblite
rating atherosclerosis also. Definite diagnosis will contribute to gre
ater efficacy of therapies and help to make an adequate prognosis of t
he disease course.