G. Silberman et al., AVAILABILITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION FOR CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA IN 10 COUNTRIES, The New England journal of medicine, 331(16), 1994, pp. 1063-1067
Background. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, a sophisticated an
d expensive procedure, is the only curative therapy for chronic myeloi
d leukemia (CML). We examined the availability and appropriateness of
allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for CML in 10 economically adva
nced countries with diverse health care systems. For each country we o
btained data on the likelihood of transplantation to treat CML in pati
ents under the age of 55 years, the length of time from diagnosis to t
ransplantation, and the stage of disease at the time of transplantatio
n. Methods. Data were collected on 9873 allogeneic bone marrow transpl
antations performed at 208 centers in 10 countries from 1989 th rough
1991. Data were acquired from transplantation registries and by means
of a mailed survey of all centers and teams that did not contribute da
ta to registries. Data on the incidence of disease were drawn from nat
ional and regional cancer registries. Results. Among the 10 countries
there was a twofold difference between the lowest and highest rates of
transplantation to treat CML (0.26 to 0.54 per 100,000 population per
year); Swedish patients were the most likely to receive a transplant,
and German patients the least likely. The median length of time from
diagnosis to transplantation ranged from 6.8 to 15.4 months. In all co
untries, most transplantations were performed in the chronic phase of
the disease, but as many as a third of patients received transplants i
n the less favorable accelerated or blast phase. The values for the Un
ited States fell near the middle of those for the 10 countries on all
measures. Conclusions. Our findings challenge the assumption that the
United States is unique in providing broad access to high-technology t
reatments. On no measure of the availability or appropriateness of tra
nsplantation for CML did it surpass the other nine countries studied.