TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF FUSARIUM SPECIES

There are several taxonomic systems available for identifying Fusarium species. The philosophy used in each taxonomic system is discussed as well as problems encountered in working with Fusarium species in cult ure. Fusarium species are toxigenic, and the mycotoxins produced by th ese organisms are often associated with animal and human diseases. The implications for the association of the carcinogens, fumonisins, prod uced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium species with human dis eases are discussed. Foreign-body-associated fusarial infection such a s keratitis in contact lens wearers, onychomycosis, skin infections an d disseminated multiorgan infections are discussed. Disseminated fusar ial hyalohyphomycosis has emerged as a significant, usually fatal infe ction in the immunocompromised host. Successful outcome is determined by the degree of immunosuppression, the extent of the infection, and t he presence of a removable focus such as an indwelling central venous catheter. These infections may be clinically suspected on the basis of a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, which should lea d to prompt therapy, probably with one of the antifungal agents. Perha ps the use of such agents or the use of colony-stimulating factors may improve the outcome of this devastating infection. However, until new approaches for treatment develop, effective preventive measures are u rgently needed.