I. Kawakubo et al., INTEGRATED OPTICAL-DISK PICKUP THAT USES A FOCUSING GRATING COUPLER WITH A HIGH NUMERICAL APERTURE, Applied optics, 33(29), 1994, pp. 6855-6859
An integrated optical-disk pickup that uses a focusing grating coupler
with a numerical aperture of 0.45 (a focal length of 1.0 mm and an ap
erture of 1.0 mm x 0.8 mm) was developed, and the readout signal on an
International Standards Organization (ISO) -formatted 90-mm optical d
isk was detected by the pickup. The signal-amplitude ratio of the mini
mum-limit data pattern to the maximum was 0.53 on the innermost track.
It meets the requirement on the signal resolution for optical-disk st
orage devices.