J. Hinkula et al., ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY (ELISA) FOR THE EVALUATION OF ANTIBODIES DIRECTED TO THE CD4 RECEPTOR-BINDING SITE OF THE HIV GP120 MOLECULE, Journal of immunological methods, 175(1), 1994, pp. 37-46
The interaction between the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the CD
4 molecule is probably the most important primary event determining HI
V infection. Reactivity with the native viral envelope has been diffic
ult to measure due to the lack of gp120 ligand purified directly from
primary virus cultures. We have developed an ELISA, utilizing Galanthu
s nivalis agglutinin (GNA) which selectively binds native HIV envelope
gp120 in culture medium. The GNA-based ELISA eliminates the need for
isotope-labelled reagents, live cells and recombinant non-natively gly
cosylated envelope proteins and offers an easy way of using gp120 dire
ctly from crude HIV culture medium. The reactivities of sera from seve
ral categories of HIV infected individuals were assayed for inhibition
of the HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding. 19/32 (59.3%) sera from asymptomatic
individuals and 7/10 (70%) sera from ARC/AIDS patients blocked the CD4
-gp120 binding. 20 serum samples from uninfected individuals showed a
gp120-CD4 interaction blocking capacity of 0-15%. Two monoclonal antib
odies, T4.2 directed to CD4 and 1171 directed to the CD4 binding site
of gp120 were used as positive controls. Both Mabs inhibited CD4-gp120
binding by 66-90%.