This analysis of a sequence of grammar instruction in a fifth grade cl
assroom addresses the following question: How are the familiar instruc
tional objects called problems, answers, errors, and solutions made vi
sible to the cohort? Summed as the ''visibility of instruction,'' the
question is warranted by a round of instruction in which producing the
visibility of an actual problem, error, and solution is the teacher's
actual, practical task. In the course of pursuing it, she reveals to
us the work and resources of leading her students to ''see'' the board
. Outstanding among those resources is what I will call an ''essential
instructional fiction.'' Not only is this fiction essential to the co
herence of the lesson in hand, ''essential fictions'' may hold relevan
ce for teaching contexts, broadly conceived.