Gb. Ouyang et al., CARBON-BLACK EFFECTS ON FRICTION PROPERTIES IN TREAD RUBBER COMPOUNDSUSING A MODIFIED ASTM E-303 PENDULUM SKID TESTER, Kautschuk und Gummi, Kunststoffe, 47(9), 1994, pp. 633
Six different carbon blacks covering a wide range of surface area and
structure are studied using a model SBR/BR tread compound formulation
with a modified ASTM E-303 Pendulum Skid Tester. It is demonstrated th
at two different mechanisms are instrumental in affecting traction. In
general, high surface area, or tint, higher structure and larger carb
on black volume fraction are all useful for improving the friction. Ho
wever, at higher temperature conditions and in dry environment, the ti
nt and the carbon black volume fraction are the two more important par
ameters for dry traction.