Gw. Elzen, CHARACTERIZATION OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F) RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1992 - MULTIPLE VS CROSS-RESISTANCE, The Southwestern entomologist, 19(3), 1994, pp. 219-227
Strains of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), collected in
Mississippi were evaluated in bioassays to four classes of insecticid
es, The temporal frequency of survival showed no cross-resistance betw
een different classes of insecticides with the exception of carbamates
and organophosphates. High frequencies of resistance were found to cy
permethrin and endosulfan in populations from Mississippi. Significant
frequencies of resistance were also shown to carbamate and organophos
phorus insecticides, although resistance frequencies were lower for th
ese classes of insecticides. The lack of cross-resistance indicates me
tabolic resistance (where cross-resistance is likely) is not important
in H. virescens. Since organophosphates and carbamates have the same
target, cross-resistance between them is further evidence for target-s
ite resistance as the primary resistance mechanism. The data indicate
that multiple resistance may be more wide-spread than previously repor
ted.