Indonesian political leaders in the mid-20th century attempted to crea
te a new state founded both on the rule of law and on their understand
ings of traditional Indonesian communal life. They sought simultaneous
ly to ''advance'' toward modernization and industrialization and to pr
eserve older, village-level norms and values which they projected onto
the national legal and political screen. This article examines the in
consistencies inherent in these twin aspirations and the continuing te
nsions, during a period of rapid growth and economic development, betw
een rights-based conceptions and those based on an ideology of harmony
and communal village life.