The problems, progress, and future prospects of small bowel transplant
ation are reviewed. Recent advances include the development of techniq
ues for successful combined liver/small bowel transplantation, isolate
d small bowel transplantation, and colon transplantation. Bowel transp
lantation appears destined to become the preferred treatment for patie
nts with end-stage intestinal failure. Current protocols, however, nee
d to be refined to achieve (1) lower rates of rejection and infections
and (2) more consistent graft function.