There are five major sexually transmitted diseases producing genital u
lcerations. Their prevalence varies among geographic regions. Whereas
genital herpes is the most frequent cause of genital ulcer in western
Europe and North America, the most common cause of genital ulcer disea
se in developing countries appears to be chancroid. Owing to frequentl
y atypical presentation and mixed infections, an accurate clinical dia
gnosis is very difficult. Successful management of genital ulcer disea
se depends on accurate diagnosis corroborated by performance of approp
riate laboratory tests when possible.