Jm. Pons et al., EXPLORATORY THEORETICAL-STUDY OF THE [2+2] CYCLOADDITION BETWEEN KETENE AND FORMALDEHYDE, Journal of molecular structure. Theochem, 119(3), 1994, pp. 361-364
Two reaction paths, leading from formaldehyde 1 and ketene 2 to 2-oxet
anone 3, are examined. Mechanism A, involving the initial formation of
the C2-O3 bond, a stepwise mechanism with biradical character, is fou
nd to be more favoured than mechanism B, a concerted, but highly-async
hronous mechanism with zwitterionic character involving the initial fo
rmation of the C4-C5 bond.