An exceptionally sensitive calorimetric technique has been devised for
measuring microwave absorption by small samples of ultra-low-loss die
lectrics at cryogenic temperatures. The loss factor of sapphire at 2.4
5 GHz diminished progressively with decreasing temperature from 3.5 x
10(-5) at 300 K down to 2 x 10(-10) at 4.2 K. The rate of decrease sho
wed no tendency to attenuate at temperatures down to 4.2 K.