THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE GALAXY - THE 2-INFALL MODEL

We present a new chemical evolution model for the Galaxy that assumes two main infall episodes, for the formation of the halo-thick disk and thin disk, respectively. We do not try to take into account explicitl y the evolution of the halo since our model is better suited for compu ting the evolution of the disk (thick plus thin), but we implicitly as sume that the timescale for the formation of the halo was of the same order as the timescale for the formation of the thick disk. The format ion of the thin disk is much longer than that of the thick disk, imply ing that the infalling gas forming the thin disk comes not only from t he thick disk but mainly from the intergalactic medium. The timescale for the formation of the thin disk is assumed to be a function of Gala ctocentric distance, leading to an inside-out picture for the Galaxy's building. The model takes into account the most up-to-date nucleosynt hesis prescriptions and adopts a threshold in the star formation proce ss, which naturally produces a hiatus in the star formation rate at th e end of the thick-disk phase, as suggested by recent observations. Th e model results are compared with an extended set of observational con straints both for the solar neighborhood and for the whole disk. Among these constraints, the tightest is the metallicity distribution of th e G-dwarf stars, for which new data are now available. Our model fits these new data very well. The model also predicts the evolution of the gas mass, the star formation rate, the supernova rates, and the abund ances of 16 chemical elements as functions of time and Galactocentric distance. We show that, in order to reproduce most of these constraint s, a timescale of less than or equal to 1 Gyr for the (halo) thick dis k and of 8 Gyr for the thin disk's formation in the solar vicinity are required. We predict that the radial abundance gradients in the inner regions of the disk (R <1 R.) are steeper than in the outer regions, a result confirmed by recent abundance determinations, and that the in ner gradients steepen during the Galactic lifetime. The importance and the advantages of assuming a threshold gas density for the onset of t he star formation process are discussed.