M. Toren et Y. Benaryeh, THE PROBLEM OF PROPAGATION IN QUANTUM OPTICS, WITH APPLICATIONS TO AMPLIFICATION, COUPLING OF EM MODES AND DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS, Quantum optics, 6(5), 1994, pp. 425-444
Theoretical methods for treating propagation in quantum optics are dev
eloped, in which the momentum operator is used in addition to the Hami
ltonian. A quantum mechanical analysis is given for various physical s
ystems which include amplification and coupling between electromagneti
c modes. A quantum mechanical theory for distributed feedback lasers (
DFL) is described.