Develops a new value stream or supply-chain mapping typology. This sev
en-map typology is based on the different wastes inherent in value str
eams. The use of the various tools, either singularly or in combinatio
n, is therefore driven by the types of waste to be removed. The tools
themselves are drawn from a range of existing functional ghettos such
as logistics, operations management and engineering. Maintains that tw
o of the seven tools can be regarded as completely new. This cross-fun
ctional approach means that the choice of tools to be used can be made
from outside of traditional departmental boundaries, affording resear
chers and companies the opportunity to use the most appropriate tools
rather than merely those that are well-known in their function. Descri
bes each tool briefly and gives a simple mechanism for choosing which
is most appropriate to contingent situations.