It is generally accepted that schistosomiasis, if not causative, is at
least associated with malignancy. In this review, the epidemiology of
schistosomiasis and bladder carcinoma, as well as the role of chronic
bladder infection, are discussed together with known carcinogenic fac
tors, possible abnormal vitamin metabolism and/or deficiencies and fac
tors that influence conjugated carcinogens. Experimental evidence is b
riefly examined and recent work from the Far East on schistosomiasis a
nd colon carcinoma reviewed.