The case is reported of a 42 year old woman who presented with the cha
racteristic clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological features of cap
polyposis occurring in the postoperative course of pelvic surgery. Pa
thogenesis of cap polyposis is unknown. In this patient, abnormal colo
nic motility was not a likely aetiological factor as suggested in prev
ious cases. Despite some arguments favouring an infectious origin or p
articipation, no specific viral or bacterial agent was identified. Cap
polyposis remains a poorly recognised condition, which may be confuse
d with inflammatory bowel disease.