J. Mansikkaaho et al., EFFECTS OF THE CLUSTER-SURFACE ON THE ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE - FACETING, ROUGHNESS AND SOFTNESS, Zeitschrift fur Physik. D, Atoms, molecules and clusters, 31(4), 1994, pp. 253-258
Several simple models have been used to study the effects of the surfa
ce on the electronic shell structure in metal clusters. The main resul
ts are as follows: The icosahedral clusters have the same electronic s
hell structure as the sphere up to about 1000 atoms. The surface rough
ness causes the distribution of the level spacings to be a Wigner dist
ribution. By varying the softness of the potential we can obtain poten
tials where the simplest classical orbits are the 'five-point star' or
even the 'three-point star'.