Nineteen panic disorder and twenty nonclinical subjects participated i
n a word association task followed by direct and indirect test of memo
ry. Subjects were presented with three types of words in random order
(physical threat, social threat, and matched neutral words), and were
asked to state the first word that came to mind. They were then, unexp
ectedly, asked to perform a free recall task (direct) or word completi
on task (indirect). Panic disorder subjects reported a greater number
of threat associates to all types of words. However, they did not show
a memory bias toward physical threat on either the direct or indirect
task.